OBJECTIVES: Approximately one-third of candidates for epilepsy surgery have no visible abnormalities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging. This is extremely discouraging, as these patients have a less favorable prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the utility of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with drug-resistant neocortical focal epilepsy and negative imaging. METHODS: A prospective study including 46 patients evaluated through individualized postprocessing of five quantitative measures: cortical thickness, white and gray matter junction signal, relaxation rate, magnetization transfer ratio, and mean diffusivity. Scalp video-electroencephalography was used to suggest the epileptogenic zone. A volumetric fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence was performed to aid visual inspection. A critical assessment of follow-up was also conducted throughout the study. RESULTS: In the subgroup classified as having an epileptogenic zone, individualized postprocessing detected abnormalities within the region of electroclinical origin in 9.7% to 31.0% of patients. Abnormalities outside the epileptogenic zone were more frequent, up to 51.7%. In five patients initially included with negative imaging, an epileptogenic structural abnormality was identified when a new visual magnetic resonance imaging inspection was guided by information gleaned from postprocessing. In three patients, epileptogenic lesions were detected after visual evaluation with volumetric fluid-attenuated sequence guided by video electroencephalography. CONCLUSION: Although quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analyses may suggest hidden structural lesions, caution is warranted because of the apparent low specificity of these findings for the epileptogenic zone. Conversely, these methods can be used to prevent visible lesions from being ignored, even in referral centers. In parallel, we need to highlight the positive contribution of the volumetric fluid-attenuated sequence.

Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade econômica da substituição do feno de Cynodon spp por feno de resíduos da bananicultura na dieta de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros Santa Inês, com idade média de cinco meses e peso médio inicial de 26,5kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (40% de feno Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 20% de feno de folha de bananeira e 20% de feno de Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 40% de feno de folha de bananeira + 60% concentrado, 20% de feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e 20% de feno de Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrado, 40% de feno de pseudocaule de bananeira + 60% concentrado), em cinco repetições. Após 69 dias de experimentação os animais foram abatidos. De posse do custo de cada dieta e do consumo dos animais, foi calculada a viabilidade econômica. O tratamento com 40% de feno de folha da bananeira + 60% concentrado apresentou os melhores indicadores econômicos, baseados na maior receita líquida, na maior taxa de retorno e na maior lucratividade para comercialização dos animais vivos ou abatidos. A inclusão de resíduos da bananicultura na dieta de cordeiros em crescimento aumenta a viabilidade econômica da atividade.

Aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of replacing hay Cynodon spp by hay banana crop residues in diet of lambs. We used 25 Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of five months and an average initial weight of 26.5kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (40% hay Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrate, 20% hay banana leaf and 20% of Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrate, 40% of banana leaf hay + 60% concentrate, 20% hay pseudostem of banana and 20% of Cynodon spp. + 60% concentrate, 40% hay pseudostem of banana + 60% concentrate). After 69 days of experiment the animals were slaughtered. Possession of the cost of each diet and consumption of animals was calculated economic feasibility. Treatment with 40% of banana leaf hay + 60% concentrate showed the best economic indicators, based on the highest net income, the higher rate of return to higher profitability and marketing of live animals or slaughtered. The inclusion of banana crop residues in the diet of growing lambs increases the economic viability of the activity.

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes níveis de inclusão (0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de MS) de torta de macaúba (TM) na produção leiteira e no comportamento ingestivo de oito vacas Holandesas, em dois quadrados latinos 4x4, sendo quatro tratamentos e quatro períodos experimentais. O comportamento ingestivo foi determinado mediante observações visuais, ocorridas durante 24 horas, a intervalos de 5 minutos, para determinação do tempo despendido em alimentação, ruminação e ócio. Embora tenha ocorrido redução quadrática no consumo de matéria seca e na produção de leite com a inclusão de TM nas dietas, a eficiência alimentar (gMS h-1 e gFDN h-1) e a eficiência de ruminação (gMS h-1 e gFDN h-1) foram semelhantes em todos os tratamentos. O tempo total de mastigações (min dia-1), o número de bolos ruminados (n° dia-1), o número de mastigações merícicas (n° dia-1 e n° bolo-1) e o tempo de mastigações merícicas por bolo (seg bolo-1) não apresentaram diferenças. Os resultados permitem concluir que a inclusão da torta de TM na dieta de vacas leiteiras não influencia no comportamento ingestivo dos animais, entretanto, compromete o seu desempenho.

The effects of the macauba meal (MM) inclusion (0, 100, 200 and 300g kg-1 of DM) upon daily milk production and ingestive behavior parameters were evaluated in eight Holstein cows. Animals were randomly allocated to treatments according to a replicated latin square design, with four treatments and four experimental periods. The ingestive behavior was determined by observation, during 24 hours with 5 minutes intervals to determine the time spent in feeding, rumination and idleness. There was a quadratic decrease in dry matter intake and daily milk production with MM inclusion. However, no effects were detected in MM inclusion on the feeding efficiency (gDM h-1 and gNDF h-1) and rumination efficiency (gDM h-1 and gNDF h-1). The total chewing time (min day-1), the number of ruminated (boli day-1), the ruminating chews (n. day-1 and n. boli-1) and the time of ruminating chews boli (sec boli-1) did not show any difference. The MM inclusion in the diet did not influence the ingestive behavior, but reduces the performance of animals.

The transactions between entrepreneurs don't involve only production costs. All the expenses to negotiate implant and monitor a negotiation must also be computed as costs, thus constituting the transaction costs. From the importance of transaction costs to a better tourist regions management, this article analyzes the transactions in three tourist regions of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research demonstrated that the transactions and the behavior of the agents are marked by opportunism, limited rationality, frequency, uncertainty, and specific asset. However, these transaction costs causing attributes reduce if it's create a governance structure that co-ordinates the transactions between local agents.

Las transacciones entre empresarios involucran no sólo costos de producción. Todo lo necesario para implementar y monitorear una negociación también debe ser computado como costos, constituyendo así los costos de transacción. Considerando la importancia del conocimiento de los costos de transacción para una mejor gestión de las regiones turísticas, este artículo analiza las transacciones en tres regiones turísticas en el Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La investigación demostró que las transacciones y el comportamiento de los agentes están influenciados por oportunismo, racionalidad limitada, frecuencia, incertidumbre, y especificidad de activos . Estos elementos que forman parte de los costos de transacción, se reducen si se crea una estructura de gobierno que coordine las transacciones entre los agentes locales.